Countries
Histrica's guide to the world's nations.
Deep profiles of each country's ancient peoples, kingdoms, empires, religions and archaeological sites.
One of the world's oldest continuous civilizations, home to the pharaohs, the Nile and 5,000 years of unbroken cultural memory.
A civilizational subcontinent whose religions, mathematics and dynasties have shaped Eurasia for four millennia.
The world's oldest continuous civilization, unified under successive dynasties for over two millennia.
Heir to the Achaemenid Persian Empire and 2,500 years of continuous statehood.
Ancient Mesopotamia โ the land between the Tigris and Euphrates where cities and writing were born.
Anatolia โ cradle of Neolithic รatalhรถyรผk, home of Troy, Byzantium and six centuries of Ottoman rule.
Home of Rome, the Renaissance and the Baroque โ the peninsula that gave Europe its classical inheritance.
From Gaul and the Franks to Louis XIV, the Revolution and the Fifth Republic.
From Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to the world's largest empire and the Industrial Revolution.
Birthplace of democracy, philosophy and Western drama.
An island civilization that blended Chinese influence with a fiercely distinct tradition.
Heir to the Olmec, Maya and Aztec civilizations and the seat of colonial New Spain.
Home of Norte Chico, Chavรญn, Moche, Wari and the Inca Empire โ the largest in pre-Columbian America.
The only African state never colonized, heir to the Aksumite civilization and one of the world's oldest Christian nations.
Heir to the Khmer Empire, whose Angkor was the largest preindustrial city in the world.
From Germanic tribes and the Holy Roman Empire to Prussia, unification, two world wars and reunification.
Roman Hispania, al-Andalus, the Reconquista and the empire that circumnavigated the globe.
Pioneers of the Age of Discovery whose empire linked Brazil, Africa and Asia.
The Dutch Golden Age republic that built a global maritime empire from a delta below sea level.
An island of monks, scholars, famine, revolution and postmodern boom.
Viking Age, 17th-century Baltic empire, and the modern welfare state.
Viking homeland, medieval kingdom, and a modern petro-state.
The Viking kingdom that ruled the medieval North.
A confederation of Alpine cantons neutral since 1815.
From Kyivan Rus' to the tsars, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.
Piast kingdom, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, partitions, WWII devastation and post-communist democracy.
Heir to Kyivan Rus', Cossack Hetmanate, and a 20th-century of catastrophe and independence.
Magyar kingdom that anchored central Europe for a millennium.
Bohemian kingdom, Habsburg province, Czechoslovak republic and post-communist democracy.
Descendants of Roman Dacia; Wallachia and Moldavia unified into a Latin island in the Slavic Balkans.
Modern state established in 1948 in the ancient homeland of the Jewish people.
The Arabian heartland of Islam and the modern kingdom of the House of Saud.
Home of some of the world's oldest cities and the Umayyad Caliphate.
Ancient Phoenicia, medieval Mount Lebanon Maronite refuge, and modern confessional republic.
Nabataean Petra, Roman Decapolis, Umayyad desert palaces and Hashemite kingdom.
Land of the Indus Valley and Mughal Punjab; independent Muslim state since 1947.
Bengal delta civilization; independent since 1971.
The Buddhist island kingdom of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa.
Birthplace of the Buddha and the last Hindu kingdom.
Ancient crossroads of empires โ Greek, Kushan, Islamic, Mughal, British and Soviet.
Heir to Joseon Korea; a postwar transformation into a global technology hub.
Homeland of Genghis Khan and the largest land empire in history.
Two millennia of resistance to Chinese, French and American power.
Sukhothai, Ayutthaya and Bangkok โ the only Southeast Asian state never colonized.
Archipelago of Srivijaya and Majapahit; the world's largest Muslim-majority nation.
Three centuries of Spain, half a century of America, and vibrant island cultures.
Melaka Sultanate crossroads; multiethnic federation independent since 1957.
Pagan pagoda kingdom, Konbaung imperial expansion, British Burma and modern military rule.
The Silk Road heartland โ Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.
Steppe homeland of Kazakh khanates and modern post-Soviet republic.
Berber Almoravid and Almohad empires, sharifian Alawites and colonial French protectorate.
Homeland of Carthage, Roman Africa Proconsularis and the Aghlabid dynasty.
Numidian kingdom, Ottoman regency, and the birthplace of the FLN independence movement.
Ancient Kush and Meroรซ; Mahdist state and modern instability.
Home of the Nok, Ife, Benin, Hausa and Sokoto civilizations; Africa's most populous nation.
Cradle of humanity; Swahili coast trading city-states; British colony to Mau Mau independence.
Land of the San, the Zulu Kingdom, Dutch and British colonies, apartheid and Mandela's rainbow nation.
Ashanti gold kingdom; first sub-Saharan African colony to gain independence (1957).
Successor to the medieval Ghana, Mali and Songhai empires of the western Sahel.
Namesake of Great Zimbabwe; a settler colony until 1980.
Indigenous civilizations, revolutionary republic and the 20th-century superpower.
Indigenous nations, New France and British colonial roots to a bilingual federation.
Taรญno island, Spanish colony, US protectorate and revolutionary socialist state.
Heart of the Maya civilization; long civil war and vibrant Indigenous heritage.
Portuguese colony, seat of the Portuguese Empire and the only monarchy in the Americas.
Viceroyalty of the Rรญo de la Plata; independent republic since 1816.
Mapuche homeland, Spanish captaincy and the Pinochet-era transition to democracy.
Muisca goldsmith culture, Bolรญvar's Gran Colombia and modern conflict and peace.
Homeland of Bolรญvar; 20th-century oil boom and 21st-century collapse.
Tiwanaku, Potosรญ silver and Bolรญvar's namesake nation.
Aboriginal continent for 65,000 years; British settlement from 1788 to modern federation.
Mฤori Aotearoa; Treaty of Waitangi to a bicultural modern democracy.
Ancient Sheba and Himyar; frankincense kingdoms and modern civil war.