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Overview
Nubian kingdoms of Kerma, Kush and Meroë built pyramids that outnumber Egypt's. The Islamic Funj Sultanate, the Mahdist state, Anglo-Egyptian condominium and post-independence turmoil have shaped modern Sudan.
Basic Information
CapitalKhartoum
Population48 million
Area1,861,484 km²
CurrencySudanese pound (SDG)
LanguagesArabic, English
RegionNorth Africa
History Timeline
- c. 2500 BCEKingdom of Kerma
- c. 1070 BCE – 350 CEKush and Meroë
- 1504 – 1821Funj Sultanate
- 1881 – 1898Mahdist state
- 2011South Sudan secedes
- 2023Civil war begins
Ancient Peoples
- Kushites
- Nubians
- Nuba
Ancient Kingdoms
- Kerma
- Kush
- Alodia
Empires
- Kingdom of Kush
- Ottoman-Egyptian
- British-Egyptian condominium
Religions
- Sunni Islam
- Christianity
- Traditional religions
Culture
Nubian architecture, poetry, Sufi orders, Kandaka queenly traditions.
Language
Arabic; over 100 local languages.
Important Battles
- Battle of Omdurman1898
British defeat of Mahdists
Historical Figures
Piye
c. 744 – 714 BCE
Kushite conqueror of Egypt
Muhammad Ahmad
1844 – 1885
Mahdi
Archaeological Sites
- Meroë
- Napata (Jebel Barkal)
- Kerma
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- Meroë
- Jebel Barkal & Sites of Napatan Region
Dynasties
- Funj
Colonial Period
Anglo-Egyptian rule 1899 – 1956.
Modern History
Republic in civil war since 2023.