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Overview
The Kazakh Khanate (1465 – 1847) united Turkic nomads of the great steppe. Russian conquest and Soviet-era collectivization reshaped the country before independence in 1991.
Basic Information
CapitalAstana
Population20 million
Area2,724,900 km²
CurrencyKazakhstani tenge (KZT)
LanguagesKazakh, Russian
RegionCentral Asia
History Timeline
- 1465Kazakh Khanate founded
- 1731 – 1848Russian conquest
- 1936Kazakh SSR
- 1991Independence
Ancient Peoples
- Scythians
- Sakas
- Turks
- Kazakhs
Ancient Kingdoms
- Kazakh Khanate
Empires
- Turkic Khaganate
- Mongol Empire
- Russian Empire
- Soviet Union
Religions
- Sunni Islam
- Russian Orthodoxy
Culture
Yurt life, dombra music, eagle hunting, apple's ancestral homeland.
Language
Kazakh is a Turkic language; Russian widely used.
Important Battles
- Anrakay Battle1729
Kazakh victory over Dzungars
Historical Figures
Abai Qunanbaiuly
1845 – 1904
National poet
Archaeological Sites
- Otrar
- Tamgaly petroglyphs
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
- Petroglyphs of Tamgaly
- Saryarka steppes
Dynasties
- Kazakh khans
Colonial Period
Russian and Soviet rule 1848 – 1991.
Modern History
Presidential republic; world's ninth-largest country by area.