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Overview
The Mongolian steppes produced Genghis Khan, whose Mongol Empire (1206 – 1368) reshaped Eurasia. Mongolia was Qing-ruled from 1691 and became a Soviet-aligned republic in 1924, transitioning to democracy in 1990.
Basic Information
CapitalUlaanbaatar
Population3.4 million
Area1,564,110 km²
CurrencyMongolian tögrög (MNT)
LanguagesMongolian
RegionEast Asia
History Timeline
- 1206Temüjin becomes Genghis Khan
- 1271 – 1368Yuan dynasty rules China
- 1691Qing subjugates Outer Mongolia
- 1924Mongolian People's Republic
- 1990Democratic transition
Ancient Peoples
- Xiongnu
- Turkic Khaganates
- Mongols
Ancient Kingdoms
- Xiongnu Confederation
- Turkic Khaganate
Empires
- Mongol Empire
- Yuan Dynasty
- Qing Dynasty (as subject)
Religions
- Tibetan Buddhism
- Shamanism
Culture
Naadam festival (horse, wrestling, archery), throat singing, ger dwellings.
Language
Mongolian is written today in Cyrillic; classical Mongol script also used.
Important Battles
- Battle of Kalka River1223
Mongols defeat Rus'
Historical Figures
Genghis Khan
c. 1162 – 1227
Founder of the Mongol Empire
Kublai Khan
1260 – 1294
Founder of the Yuan
Archaeological Sites
- Karakorum
- Erdene Zuu Monastery
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- Orkhon Valley
- Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai
Dynasties
- Borjigin
Colonial Period
Never Western-colonized; Qing subject state.
Modern History
Parliamentary republic between Russia and China.